Dessocialização das adolescentes e jovens em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de privação de liberdade : a construção do adoecimento mental na Unidade de Internação Feminina de Santa Maria – Distrito Federal

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Serviço Social, 2018.O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o atendimento institucional destinado às adolescentes e jovens autoras de ato infracional, em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação na Unidade de Internação de Santa Maria – DF (UISM), a fim compreender se o processo de privação de liberdade, associado com possíveis práticas de violência institucional, seriam possíveis causas de adoecimento mental das adolescentes. Além disso buscou-se compreender se fatores associados a estrutura física inadequada do lugar de privação de liberdade; a ruptura com a convivência com a família e a sociedade – chamada aqui de dessocialização; a descontinuidade ou não oferta regular de serviços referentes às políticas sociais setoriais básicas durante o cumprimento da medida; a ausência de preparo e de formação adequada dos (as) servidores (as) envolvidos (as) no processo de execução da medida socioeducativa de internação; além da falta de observância de questões afetas à diversidade, tais como: gênero, raça e sexualidade, também são possíveis geradores de adoecimento mental. A pesquisa realizada teve natureza bibliográfica e documental além de serem realizadas análises de entrevistas e observação de campo, desta forma, foram entrevistadas quatro adolescentes e três servidoras da instituição. A partir da pesquisa realizada foi possível constatar a existência de adoecimento mental na UISM, a precarização de políticas setoriais básicas além da existência de práticas de violência institucional. Verificou-se ainda uma lacuna no atendimento quanto a questão de gênero no sistema socioeducativo do Distrito Federal.This present study aims at analyzing the institutional care provided to female adolescents and young people who are authors of an infraction and are fulfilling the socio - educational measure of internment at the Santa Maria - DF Internment Unit (UISM), in order to understand if the process of liberty privation, associated with the practices of institutional violence, would be possible causes of mental illness of these adolescents. In addition, it was sought to identifying other possible factors associated with mental illness, as: the inadequate physical structure of the internment places; the rupture in the coexistence with the family and the society - called here as a dessocialization; the discontinuity or lack of regular provision of services related to basic social sector policies during the fulfillment of the measure; the lack of preparation and adequate training of the employees involved in the process of executing the socio-educational measure internment; besides the lack of observance of issues related to diversity, such as: gender, race and sexuality. The research carried out had a bibliographical and documentary nature, besides the analysis of interviews and Field observation. It was possible to verify the existence of mental illness in the UISM, the precariousness of basic sectoral policies besides the existence of practices of institutional violence. It was verified a gap in the attendance regarding the gender issue in the socio-educational system of the Federal District of Brazil

INOVAÇÃO NO WEBJORNALISMO: DINÂMICA EMPRESARIAL, ARRANJOS PRODUTIVOS E NOVOS FORMATOS // INNOVATION IN WEBJOURNALISM: BUSINESS DYNAMICS, PRODUCTIVE ARRANGEMENTS AND NEW FORMATS

O jornalismo, como parte intrínseca da sociedade, tem respondido ao avanço das tecnologias de informação e comunicação em suas diversas searas. Novos modelos de negócio, além de narrativas inovadoras parecem ser imperativos para a resistência dos veículos midiáticos frente a crises financeiras, de audiência e até mesmo de credibilidade, em alguns casos. Fundamental num momento histórico em que a informação é o maior dos capitais, o jornalismo passa por mutações que vão do processo de produção à publicação. Neste artigo, intenciona-se apresentar uma estratégia inovadora no webjornalismo contemporâneo, a série de reportagens TAB, do portal Uol. Por meio de estudo de caso, aborda-se como o objeto em questão utiliza a inovação em três esferas principais: a dinâmica empresarial, os arranjos produtivos e o investimento em novos formatos de apresentação de conteúdo. A fim de se analisar adequadamente o tema, é realizada revisão bibliográfica acerca do termo inovação em sua vertente originária, proveniente do campo da Economia, bem como aquela utilizada nos estudos de Comunicação e Informação

Ocular UV protection : revisiting safe limits for sunglasses standards.

The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) establishes that the safe limits regarding\ud ultraviolet radiation exposure in the spectral region 180nm–400nm incident upon the unprotected eye(s) should not\ud exceed 30 Jm-2 effective spectrally weighted (spectral weighting factors are provided by ICNIRP); and the total\ud (unweighted) ultraviolet radiant exposure in the spectral region 315nm–400nm should not exceed 104 Jm-2. However, it\ud should be considered that the spectral range from 180nm–280nm does not reach the surface of the Earth, since it is\ud absorbed by the ozone layer of the atmosphere. The Brazilian Standard for sunglasses protection, NBR15111(2004), as\ud well as the British Standard BSEN1836(2005) and American Standard ANZI Z80.3(2009), requires the UV protection in\ud the spectral range 280nm–380nm, but does not take into account the total (unweighted) UVA radiant exposure. These\ud limits are discussed in this work and calculations have been made for 27 state capitals of Brazil to understand the limits\ud that should be involved in order to protect the eyes of the Brazilian population. These calculations and considerations\ud may be extended to other countries as well. As a conclusion, we show that the upper limit for the UVA protection of\ud 400nm should be included in the Brazilian standard, as well as the irradiance limits. Furthermore, the parameters for the\ud resistance to irradiance test required on the Brazilian standard are also discussed herein as well the significance of this\ud test. We show that the test should be performed by the sun simulator for a longer period than currently required.FAPESP - Proc 2012/11171-

Self-service kiosk for testing sunglasses

Background\ud Sunglasses users may only be assured on their ultraviolet protection by purchasing certified products, however they are not able to check if sunglasses are still ultraviolet (UV) protected as they age, unless they resort themselves to a professional who is qualified for using a spectrophotometer and is acknowledged on the standards for providing a report for the user. Current literature establishes safe limits on the exposure of the eyes relatively to the ultraviolet radiation exposure for the UVA and UVB ranges (280 nm – 400 nm). The UV protection is category dependent. Sunglasses are categorized from 0 to 4 and the categories are determined by the lenses transmission’s percentage on the visible range (380 nm – 780 nm).\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud In order to overcome inaccessibility of such measurements on sunglasses, a prototype for testing ultraviolet protection on sunglasses, according to Brazilian Standards, has been developed for amateur use. The system consists of assembling UVA and UVB light sources and two UV responsive photodiode sensors, with Erythema action response for measuring UV protection; for categories measurements, combination of white light and LEDs were used for the visible range, as well as a light sensor having spectral response similar to the human eye. Electronics has been developed for controlling the measurements and software has been implemented for providing the report as well as for the user’s interface.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud All the system was embedded as a self-service touch screen kiosk and provides transmittance measurements that are within the deviation limit required by NBR15111, i.e., 0.25%. Measurements were performed in over 45 sunglasses and compared to CARY 5000 – VARIAN spectrophotometer and present a good correlation for the measurements of transmittance in the visible spectral range (r2 = 0.9999) and in the ultraviolet range (r2 = 0.9997).\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud The prototype identifies the UV protection, for non-corrective sunglasses, according to category of the lens and is available for the public. In addition to educating the population about the importance of wearing protected sunglasses, the prototype has also allowed the public to have access to information about the quality of protection of their own sunglasses in an easy and free testing method.FAPESP [2011/06079-2]Pró-Reitoria de Cultura e Extensão – US

Portable light transmission measuring system for preserved corneas

BACKGROUND: The authors have developed a small portable device for the objective measurement of the transparency of corneas stored in preservative medium, for use by eye banks in evaluation prior to transplantation. METHODS: The optical system consists of a white light, lenses, and pinholes that collimate the white light beams and illuminate the cornea in its preservative medium, and an optical filter (400–700 nm) that selects the range of the wavelength of interest. A sensor detects the light that passes through the cornea, and the average corneal transparency is displayed. In order to obtain only the tissue transparency, an electronic circuit was built to detect a baseline input of the preservative medium prior to the measurement of corneal transparency. The operation of the system involves three steps: adjusting the "0 %" transmittance of the instrument, determining the "100 %" transmittance of the system, and finally measuring the transparency of the preserved cornea inside the storage medium. RESULTS: Fifty selected corneas were evaluated. Each cornea was submitted to three evaluation methods: subjective classification of transparency through a slit lamp, quantification of the transmittance of light using a corneal spectrophotometer previously developed, and measurement of transparency with the portable device. CONCLUSION: By comparing the three methods and using the expertise of eye bank trained personnel, a table for quantifying corneal transparency with the new device has been developed. The correlation factor between the corneal spectrophotometer and the new device is 0,99813, leading to a system that is able to standardize transparency measurements of preserved corneas, which is currently done subjectively

Capacidade de combinação de progênies S3 de milho forrageiro em topcrosses para características da parte vegetativa e da planta inteira

The objective of this work was to evaluate the combining ability of S3 forage maize (Zea mays) progenies for traits related to forage yield and bromatological quality, with and without the ear, as well as to evaluate the ability of testers to discriminate progenies for these traits. The trials were carried out in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons, in the municipality of Guarapuava, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Topcross hybrids obtained from the crosses of 28 S3 maize progenies with three testers were evaluated. The following forage qualitative traits of the whole plant and of the plant without the ear were evaluated: neutral and acid detergent fibers, lignin, and in situ dry mass digestibility, as well as digestible dry mass yield of the whole plant. The progenies that stood out for forage qualitative traits were 85.1 and 42.1 for the whole plant and for the plant without the ear, respectively. For the qualitative and productive traits of whole-plant forage, progenies 91.1, 106.2, 126.2, 138.1, 152.1, 235.1, and 251.1 are promising to continue in the breeding program aiming to generate hybrids with a high yield and fiber quality. Testers LEM3 and AG8025 are efficient in discriminating progenies for forage yield and bromatological traits.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de combinação de progênies S3 de milho (Zea mays) forrageiro em relação a características relacionadas com o rendimento e a qualidade bromatológica da forragem, com e sem a espiga, bem como avaliar a capacidade de testadores para a discriminação das progênies para estas características. Os ensaios foram realizados nas safras de 2017/2018 e 2018/2019, no município de Guarapuava, no estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foram avaliados os híbridos topcross obtidos dos cruzamentos de 28 progênies de milho S3 com três testadores. As seguintes características qualitativas da forragem da planta inteira e da planta sem a espiga foram avaliadas: fibras em detergente neutro e ácido, lignina e digestibilidade in situ da massa seca, além do rendimento da massa seca digerível de toda a planta. As progênies que se destacaram quanto às características qualitativas da forragem foram 85.1 e 42.1 para a planta inteira e para a planta sem a espiga, respectivamente. Para as características qualitativas e produtivas da forragem da planta inteira, as progênies 91.1, 106.2, 126.2, 138.1, 152.1, 235.1 e 251.1 são promissoras para continuar no programa de melhoramento com vistas à geração de híbridos com altos rendimento e qualidade de fibra. Os testadores LEM3 e AG8025 são eficientes na discriminação de progênies para as características produtivas e bromatológicas das forragens

Automatic system for diagnostics of corneal ulcer

Úlceras corneanas 1 são feridas na córnea, com alta potencialidade de cegueira, pois, mesmo curadas, tendem a tirar a transparência. Nos países em desenvolvimento e de natureza agrícola, elas respondem por cerca de 5% das causas de cegueira. Uma das formas de o clínico acompanhar o tratamento delas é pela estimativa subjetiva de sua dimensão. Evoluções favoráveis tendem a promover uma diminuição da ferida. No entanto, as medidas existentes para essa estimativa são rudimentares. Assim, estamos desenvolvendo um sistema ótico, automático, para a avaliação da área afetada, a ser implementado num hospital público (400 pacientes são analisados por semana no Setor de Doenças Externas Oculares). O sistema ótico é implementado numa Lâmpada de Fenda e acoplado a um detector do tipo CCD. A imagem é apresentada num monitor de vídeo para PC, através de uma placa de interface comercial, e está sendo desenvolvido um software dedicado à determinação da área de úlcera de córnea.Corneal ulcer 1 is a very common disease in agricultural countries and it is responsible for 5% of the blindness causes. One of the main aspects to be observed in these cases is the increasing or decreasing of the affected area. Favourable evolutions decrease the wound. However the procedure of measuring these ulcers area are still very rudimentary. We have been developing an automatic optical system in order to evaluate the affected area (the ulcer) to be implemented in a public hospital (400 patients per week are analyzed at the External Ocular Deseases sector). The optical system is implemented in a Slit Lamp and connected to a CCD detector. The image is displayed in a PC video monitor by a commercial frame grabber and a dedicated software for determining the area of the ulcer has been developed

Desenvolvimento e aplicação de equipamento para diagnóstico por fluorescência

A mortalidade e morbidade devido a vários tipos de câncer podem ser reduzidas através de uma identificação precoce de células anormais. O Brasil é um país com grande dimensão e está localizado próximo da Linha do Equador, onde a incidência solar é extrema. Como resultado, a população apresenta um alto índice de câncer de pele, o principal tipo\ud na população brasileira e que acometerá, segundo o Instituto Nacional de Câncer (lNCA, Brasil), cerca de 113.850 novos casos do câncer do tipo não-melanoma e cerca de 5.930 de casos do tipo melanoma, no ano de 2010. Diante deste grande número de casos de câncer, algumas medidas devem ser tomadas para redução destes números, tais como: ações preventivas e educacionais, divulgação dos males causados pelo consumo de tabaco, álcool e pela exposição excessiva ao sol e ainda, é necessário investimentos na área de pesquisa para uma detecção mais precoce do câncer, favorecendo a um tratamento mais efetivo. Afluorescência por imagem é uma técnica que apresenta o potencial de aumentar o poder de discriminação de tecidos, podendo constituir uma importante ferramenta de detecção de lesões como câncer bucal e de pele. Ao contrário da espectroscopia, que fornece uma análise pontual, as técnicas por imagem podem contribuir para a detecção de lesões ocultas e para o delineamento das margens de lesões. Neste trabalho evidenciamos o desenvolvimento e aplicação de um sistema de fluorescência composto por iluminação à base de LEDs de alta intensidade, com uma banda de emissão entre 400-460 nm para excitação da protoporfirina IX (PpIX), e filtros para visualização da fluorescência da ppIX na\ud região do vermelho do espectro.The mortality and morbidity of many cancer diseases could be\ud reduced with an early identification ofthe abnormal cells. Skin cancer\ud is the most common cancer type in Brazil. Malignant skin tumors\ud are divided in two large groups: melanoma and non-melanoma.\ud The National Cancer Institute in Brazil (INCA) has estimated 113,850\ud new cases ofnon-melanoma skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma and\ud spinocellular carcinoma) as well as 5,930 of melanoma for 2010.\ud The clinical procedure commonly used to identify the cells abnormality\ud is invasive and in a case of an extensive lesion, is impossible to\ud separate the region usedfor biopsy and the lesion itself, then the first\ud option oftreatment is the surgical excision. In this work was presented\ud the development and application of afluorescence system which is\ud composed by a high intensity LED light source, with emission band\ud between 400-460 nm, that allows for PpJX excitation, andfilters that\ud permit to observe PpJX redfluorescence emission. For fluorescence\ud diagnosis application, 5-aminolevulinic acid solution (15%; wtlv)\ud was used. It was topically placed onto the lesions and PpIX\ud fluorescence production analyzed during a total of 4-6 hours post\ud application. Applying the visual fluorescence monitoring system here\ud is presented; it was possible to monitor PpJX generation and to\ud study a relative new modality as a noninvasive fluorescence\ud diagnosis technique

Changes in upper airways microbiota in ventilator-associated pneumonia

Background: The role of upper airways microbiota and its association with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) development in mechanically ventilated (MV) patients is unclear. Taking advantage of data collected in a prospective study aimed to assess the composition and over-time variation of upper airway microbiota in patients MV for non-pulmonary reasons, we describe upper airway microbiota characteristics among VAP and NO-VAP patients. Methods: Exploratory analysis of data collected in a prospective observational study on patients intubated for non-pulmonary conditions. Microbiota analysis (trough 16S-rRNA gene profiling) was performed on endotracheal aspirates (at intubation, T0, and after 72 h, T3) of patients with VAP (cases cohort) and a subgroup of NO-VAP patients (control cohort, matched according to total intubation time). Results: Samples from 13 VAP patients and 22 NO-VAP matched controls were analyzed. At intubation (T0), patients with VAP revealed a significantly lower microbial complexity of the microbiota of the upper airways compared to NO-VAP controls (alpha diversity index of 84 ± 37 and 160 ± 102, in VAP and NO_VAP group, respectively, p-value < 0.012). Furthermore, an overall decrease in microbial diversity was observed in both groups at T3 as compared to T0. At T3, a loss of some genera (Prevotella 7, Fusobacterium, Neisseria, Escherichia-Shigella and Haemophilus) was found in VAP patients. In contrast, eight genera belonging to the Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria phyla was predominant in this group. However, it is unclear whether VAP caused dysbiosis or dysbiosis caused VAP. Conclusions: In a small sample size of intubated patients, microbial diversity at intubation was less in patients with VAP compared to patients without VAP